One 12 kg dumbbell locked out overhead in the right hand, the left arm free, marching on the spot. The one-sided load overhead trains shoulder stability and resists a side bend.
Load in the model: 12 kg. Balance and joint demand re-solve as you change it.
Faults grow with knee bend and apply to lifts standing on the floor. The fault check flags a knee caving more than 10° inside the line of the toes and a load split beyond 60/40. Knee cave shows best in the front camera.
Femur changes keep standing height fixed by shortening or lengthening the torso. Longer femurs force more forward lean in any squat.
Your quota per set: carry 12 kg each hand for 42 s, stopping 2 reps short of failure.
One hard set earns 81 push points, 49 pull points, 21 arms points, 28 core points.
Deltoids, rotator cuff, upper trapezius, obliques, triceps.
One 3D skeleton drives both views. Segment lengths and widths are Winter's anthropometric ratios of height; segment masses and centre-of-mass positions follow Dempster's data. For free-standing lifts the whole-body angle is found numerically so the combined centre of mass of lifter and load sits over the middle of the foot. Arms and legs use two-link inverse kinematics with a pole direction. Rep timing follows a minimum-jerk profile.
Balance is quasi-static, so ballistic lifts are shown slowed down. Cable pull and pad support forces are not modelled. The spine is one rigid segment and joints have no range-of-motion limits or muscle forces.