PullBalanced over midfoot, bar 9.0 cm ahead
Side view
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Pause barbell row

A bent-over barbell row with 70 kg held against the lower ribs for a full second each rep. Same hinge, bar path and balance solve as the barbell row.

-6°Ankle dorsiflexion
25°Knee flexion
90°Hip flexion
60°Trunk from vertical
58°Arm to trunk
2°Elbow flexion
30Ankle spacing, cm
52Hand spacing, cm
-2Knee outside ankle, cm
0°Knee cave, ° inside toe line
50 / 50Load left / right, %
0Pelvis drop, cm

Load and joint demand

Load in the model: 70 kg. Balance and joint demand re-solve as you change it.

Lower back
378 / 378
Hip extensors
226 / 226
Knee flexors
84 / 84
Calves
54 / 54
Shoulder, per side
26 / 61
Elbow, per side
12 / 70

N·m now / peak over the rep.

Faults

Faults grow with knee bend and apply to lifts standing on the floor. The fault check flags a knee caving more than 10° inside the line of the toes and a load split beyond 60/40. Knee cave shows best in the front camera.

Body

Femur changes keep standing height fixed by shortening or lengthening the torso. Longer femurs force more forward lean in any squat.

Muscles worked

Lats
100 pts
Upper back
82 pts
Biceps
35 pts
Hamstrings
17 pts
Lower back
17 pts

Effort and your quota

5/10 effort5.2fatigue per set

Your quota per set: 10 reps at 70 kg, stopping 2 reps short of failure.

One hard set earns 17 legs points, 203 pull points, 35 arms points, 17 core points.

Prime movers

Latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, middle trapezius, posterior deltoid, biceps; hamstrings and erectors hold the hinge.

What to look for

  • Hold the bar on the ribs for a one-count.
  • If the trunk rises to finish, go lighter.
  • Elbows drive back at about 30–45° from the torso; check the top view.
How the model works, and its limits

One 3D skeleton drives both views. Segment lengths and widths are Winter's anthropometric ratios of height; segment masses and centre-of-mass positions follow Dempster's data. For free-standing lifts the whole-body angle is found numerically so the combined centre of mass of lifter and load sits over the middle of the foot. Arms and legs use two-link inverse kinematics with a pole direction. Rep timing follows a minimum-jerk profile.

Balance is quasi-static, so ballistic lifts are shown slowed down. Cable pull and pad support forces are not modelled. The spine is one rigid segment and joints have no range-of-motion limits or muscle forces.