RowBalanced over midfoot
Load 67% on the right
Side view
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One-arm dumbbell row

Staggered hinge with the left hand braced on a bench and a 30 kg dumbbell in the right. The bench support force is not modelled, so balance is shown as if free-standing.

-8°Ankle dorsiflexion
22°Knee flexion
104°Hip flexion
75°Trunk from vertical
67°Arm to trunk
16°Elbow flexion
32Ankle spacing, cm
43Hand spacing, cm
-3Knee outside ankle, cm
0°Knee cave, ° inside toe line
33 / 67Load left / right, %
0Pelvis drop, cm

Load and joint demand

Load in the model: 30 kg. Balance and joint demand re-solve as you change it.

Lower back
267 / 267
Hip extensors
164 / 164
Knee flexors
67 / 67
Calves
40 / 40
Shoulder, per side
7 / 96
Elbow, per side
13 / 49

N·m now / peak over the rep.

Faults

Faults grow with knee bend and apply to lifts standing on the floor. The fault check flags a knee caving more than 10° inside the line of the toes and a load split beyond 60/40. Knee cave shows best in the front camera.

Body

Femur changes keep standing height fixed by shortening or lengthening the torso. Longer femurs force more forward lean in any squat.

Muscles worked

Lats
100 pts
Upper back
82 pts
Biceps
46 pts

Effort and your quota

4/10 effort4.2fatigue per set

Your quota per set: 10 reps at 30 kg, stopping 2 reps short of failure.

One hard set earns 210 pull points, 46 arms points.

Prime movers

Latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, posterior deltoid, biceps.

What to look for

  • Pull the dumbbell toward the hip, not straight up to the chest.
  • The torso stays square to the floor; no twisting to lift.
How the model works, and its limits

One 3D skeleton drives both views. Segment lengths and widths are Winter's anthropometric ratios of height; segment masses and centre-of-mass positions follow Dempster's data. For free-standing lifts the whole-body angle is found numerically so the combined centre of mass of lifter and load sits over the middle of the foot. Arms and legs use two-link inverse kinematics with a pole direction. Rep timing follows a minimum-jerk profile.

Balance is quasi-static, so ballistic lifts are shown slowed down. Cable pull and pad support forces are not modelled. The spine is one rigid segment and joints have no range-of-motion limits or muscle forces.