Hinge downBalanced over midfoot
Load 64% on the right
Side view
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Kettlebell windmill

Take care: Needs a stable shoulder with the arm overhead; start with no weight.

A 12 kg bell locked out overhead in the right hand, feet turned out to the left. The hips push back to the right as the trunk hinges and turns down toward the left foot, the left hand sliding down the inside of the left leg; the bell arm stays vertical, eyes on the bell.

9°Ankle dorsiflexion
3°Knee flexion
4°Hip flexion
4°Trunk from vertical
176°Arm to trunk
0°Elbow flexion
42Ankle spacing, cm
29Hand spacing, cm
-6Knee outside ankle, cm
–Knee cave, ° inside toe line
36 / 64Load left / right, %
0Pelvis drop, cm

Load and joint demand

Load in the model: 12 kg. Balance and joint demand re-solve as you change it.

Lower back
0 / 83
Hip extensors
1 / 54
Knee flexors
9 / 30
Calves
27 / 27

N·m now / peak over the rep.

Faults

Faults grow with knee bend and apply to lifts standing on the floor. The fault check flags a knee caving more than 10° inside the line of the toes and a load split beyond 60/40. Knee cave shows best in the front camera.

Body

Femur changes keep standing height fixed by shortening or lengthening the torso. Longer femurs force more forward lean in any squat.

Muscles worked

Abs and core
100 pts
Glutes
82 pts
Hamstrings
64 pts
Upper back
35 pts
Shoulders
23 pts
Adductors
10 pts

Effort and your quota

6.5/10 effort6.8fatigue per set

Your quota per set: 10 reps at 12 kg, stopping 2 reps short of failure.

One hard set earns 156 legs points, 23 push points, 35 pull points, 100 core points.

Prime movers

Obliques, gluteus medius, hamstrings, deltoids (holding), rotator cuff, adductors (stretched).

What to look for

  • Eyes on the bell; the arm stays vertical.
  • Push the hips back toward the bell side.
  • Go only as low as the back stays long.
How the model works, and its limits

One 3D skeleton drives both views. Segment lengths and widths are Winter's anthropometric ratios of height; segment masses and centre-of-mass positions follow Dempster's data. For free-standing lifts the whole-body angle is found numerically so the combined centre of mass of lifter and load sits over the middle of the foot. Arms and legs use two-link inverse kinematics with a pole direction. Rep timing follows a minimum-jerk profile.

Balance is quasi-static, so ballistic lifts are shown slowed down. Cable pull and pad support forces are not modelled. The spine is one rigid segment and joints have no range-of-motion limits or muscle forces.