StepCentre of mass inside base of support
Side view
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Farmer's carry

32 kg dumbbell in each hand, shown as a march on the spot because the model has no walking gait yet. Weight shifts onto the standing foot before the other one lifts.

4°Ankle dorsiflexion
2°Knee flexion
1°Hip flexion
3°Trunk from vertical
5°Arm to trunk
0°Elbow flexion
20Ankle spacing, cm
44Hand spacing, cm
-1Knee outside ankle, cm
–Knee cave, ° inside toe line
50 / 50Load left / right, %
0Pelvis drop, cm

Load and joint demand

Load in the model: 32 kg each hand. Balance and joint demand re-solve as you change it.

Lower back
38 / 38
Hip extensors
21 / 21
Knee extensors
32 / 87
Calves
52 / 104
Shoulder, per side
12 / 12

N·m now / peak over the rep.

Faults

Faults grow with knee bend and apply to lifts standing on the floor. The fault check flags a knee caving more than 10° inside the line of the toes and a load split beyond 60/40. Knee cave shows best in the front camera.

Body

Femur changes keep standing height fixed by shortening or lengthening the torso. Longer femurs force more forward lean in any squat.

Muscles worked

Forearms and grip
60 pts
Upper back
49 pts
Abs and core
38 pts
Glutes
28 pts

Effort and your quota

5/10 effort5fatigue per set

Your quota per set: carry 32 kg each hand for 42 s, stopping 2 reps short of failure.

One hard set earns 28 legs points, 49 pull points, 30 arms points, 38 core points.

Prime movers

Grip, trapezius, core, gluteus medius.

What to look for

  • Tall posture, shoulders level.
  • Each single-leg moment tests hip stability; watch the base of support.
How the model works, and its limits

One 3D skeleton drives both views. Segment lengths and widths are Winter's anthropometric ratios of height; segment masses and centre-of-mass positions follow Dempster's data. For free-standing lifts the whole-body angle is found numerically so the combined centre of mass of lifter and load sits over the middle of the foot. Arms and legs use two-link inverse kinematics with a pole direction. Rep timing follows a minimum-jerk profile.

Balance is quasi-static, so ballistic lifts are shown slowed down. Cable pull and pad support forces are not modelled. The spine is one rigid segment and joints have no range-of-motion limits or muscle forces.