Descent, eccentricBalanced over midfoot
Side view
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Dumbbell front squat

Two 16 kg dumbbells resting on the front of the shoulders, one end of each on the shoulder and the elbows up. The load sits ahead of the spine like a barbell front squat, so the solved trunk stays upright through a squat to just below parallel.

2°Ankle dorsiflexion
2°Knee flexion
10°Hip flexion
3°Trunk from vertical
53°Arm to trunk
159°Elbow flexion
40Ankle spacing, cm
48Hand spacing, cm
-6Knee outside ankle, cm
–Knee cave, ° inside toe line
50 / 50Load left / right, %
0Pelvis drop, cm

Load and joint demand

Load in the model: 16 kg each hand. Balance and joint demand re-solve as you change it.

Lower back
19 / 216
Hip extensors
8 / 128
Knee extensors
19 / 84
Calves
39 / 39

N·m now / peak over the rep.

Faults

Faults grow with knee bend and apply to lifts standing on the floor. The fault check flags a knee caving more than 10° inside the line of the toes and a load split beyond 60/40. Knee cave shows best in the front camera.

Body

Femur changes keep standing height fixed by shortening or lengthening the torso. Longer femurs force more forward lean in any squat.

Muscles worked

Quads
100 pts
Glutes
82 pts
Adductors
64 pts
Abs and core
35 pts
Upper back
23 pts

Effort and your quota

7.5/10 effort7.8fatigue per set

Your quota per set: 10 reps at 16 kg each hand, stopping 2 reps short of failure.

One hard set earns 246 legs points, 23 pull points, 35 core points.

Prime movers

Quadriceps, gluteus maximus, adductors, upper back (holding the dumbbells), abdominals.

What to look for

  • Elbows up so the dumbbells rest on the shoulders.
  • Sit straight down between the heels; keep the chest tall.
  • Drive up through the whole foot.
How the model works, and its limits

One 3D skeleton drives both views. Segment lengths and widths are Winter's anthropometric ratios of height; segment masses and centre-of-mass positions follow Dempster's data. For free-standing lifts the whole-body angle is found numerically so the combined centre of mass of lifter and load sits over the middle of the foot. Arms and legs use two-link inverse kinematics with a pole direction. Rep timing follows a minimum-jerk profile.

Balance is quasi-static, so ballistic lifts are shown slowed down. Cable pull and pad support forces are not modelled. The spine is one rigid segment and joints have no range-of-motion limits or muscle forces.