Row
Side view
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Chest-supported dumbbell row

Face down on a 35° incline bench with 26 kg dumbbells. The pad removes the lower back from the lift; dumbbells row from hanging to beside the ribs.

44°Ankle dorsiflexion
75°Knee flexion
46°Hip flexion
55°Trunk from vertical
44°Arm to trunk
23°Elbow flexion
28Ankle spacing, cm
38Hand spacing, cm
-4Knee outside ankle, cm
–Knee cave, ° inside toe line
–Load left / right, %
0Pelvis drop, cm

Load and joint demand

Load in the model: 26 kg each hand. Balance and joint demand re-solve as you change it.

Shoulder, per side
1 / 40
Elbow, per side
18 / 60

N·m now / peak over the rep.

Faults

Faults grow with knee bend and apply to lifts standing on the floor. The fault check flags a knee caving more than 10° inside the line of the toes and a load split beyond 60/40. Knee cave shows best in the front camera.

Body

Femur changes keep standing height fixed by shortening or lengthening the torso. Longer femurs force more forward lean in any squat.

Muscles worked

Lats
100 pts
Upper back
82 pts

Effort and your quota

4/10 effort4.2fatigue per set

Your quota per set: 10 reps at 26 kg each hand, stopping 2 reps short of failure.

One hard set earns 182 pull points.

Prime movers

Latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, middle trapezius, posterior deltoid.

What to look for

  • Chest stays on the pad.
  • Pull the elbows back and up.
How the model works, and its limits

One 3D skeleton drives both views. Segment lengths and widths are Winter's anthropometric ratios of height; segment masses and centre-of-mass positions follow Dempster's data. For free-standing lifts the whole-body angle is found numerically so the combined centre of mass of lifter and load sits over the middle of the foot. Arms and legs use two-link inverse kinematics with a pole direction. Rep timing follows a minimum-jerk profile.

Balance is quasi-static, so ballistic lifts are shown slowed down. Cable pull and pad support forces are not modelled. The spine is one rigid segment and joints have no range-of-motion limits or muscle forces.