Step upCentre of mass inside base of support
Side view
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Barbell step-up

Front foot on a 40 cm box with 40 kg on the back. The pelvis rises over the front foot; the trailing leg leaves the floor in the last half and finishes beside it.

1°Ankle dorsiflexion
80°Knee flexion
99°Hip flexion
20°Trunk from vertical
29°Arm to trunk
138°Elbow flexion
23Ankle spacing, cm
84Hand spacing, cm
1Knee outside ankle, cm
0°Knee cave, ° inside toe line
49 / 51Load left / right, %
0Pelvis drop, cm

Load and joint demand

Load in the model: 40 kg. Balance and joint demand re-solve as you change it.

Lower back
93 / 93
Hip extensors
58 / 58
Knee extensors
35 / 51
Shins
6 / 127
Shoulder, per side
51 / 52
Elbow, per side
32 / 33

N·m now / peak over the rep.

Faults

Faults grow with knee bend and apply to lifts standing on the floor. The fault check flags a knee caving more than 10° inside the line of the toes and a load split beyond 60/40. Knee cave shows best in the front camera.

Body

Femur changes keep standing height fixed by shortening or lengthening the torso. Longer femurs force more forward lean in any squat.

Muscles worked

Quads
100 pts
Glutes
100 pts

Effort and your quota

6.5/10 effort6.8fatigue per set

Your quota per set: 10 reps at 40 kg, stopping 2 reps short of failure.

One hard set earns 200 legs points.

Prime movers

Quadriceps and gluteus maximus of the working leg.

What to look for

  • Drive through the whole front foot.
  • Stand tall at the top before stepping down.
  • Step down under control.
How the model works, and its limits

One 3D skeleton drives both views. Segment lengths and widths are Winter's anthropometric ratios of height; segment masses and centre-of-mass positions follow Dempster's data. For free-standing lifts the whole-body angle is found numerically so the combined centre of mass of lifter and load sits over the middle of the foot. Arms and legs use two-link inverse kinematics with a pole direction. Rep timing follows a minimum-jerk profile.

Balance is quasi-static, so ballistic lifts are shown slowed down. Cable pull and pad support forces are not modelled. The spine is one rigid segment and joints have no range-of-motion limits or muscle forces.