Step back and dropCentre of mass inside base of support
Side view
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Barbell overhead lunge

Reverse lunge with 30 kg locked out overhead on a wide grip. The bar has to stay over the middle of the body, so the trunk stays upright and the shoulders and core work hard.

4°Ankle dorsiflexion
5°Knee flexion
3°Hip flexion
2°Trunk from vertical
136°Arm to trunk
7°Elbow flexion
20Ankle spacing, cm
124Hand spacing, cm
-1Knee outside ankle, cm
–Knee cave, ° inside toe line
50 / 50Load left / right, %
0Pelvis drop, cm

Load and joint demand

Load in the model: 30 kg. Balance and joint demand re-solve as you change it.

Lower back
1 / 30
Hip extensors
2 / 19
Knee extensors
0 / 107
Shins
17 / 412

N·m now / peak over the rep.

Faults

Faults grow with knee bend and apply to lifts standing on the floor. The fault check flags a knee caving more than 10° inside the line of the toes and a load split beyond 60/40. Knee cave shows best in the front camera.

Body

Femur changes keep standing height fixed by shortening or lengthening the torso. Longer femurs force more forward lean in any squat.

Muscles worked

Glutes
100 pts
Quads
82 pts
Shoulders
64 pts
Upper back
46 pts
Abs and core
35 pts

Effort and your quota

7.5/10 effort7.8fatigue per set

Your quota per set: 10 reps at 30 kg, stopping 2 reps short of failure.

One hard set earns 182 legs points, 64 push points, 46 pull points, 35 core points.

Prime movers

Gluteus maximus, quadriceps, deltoids, trapezius, abdominals.

What to look for

  • Arms locked, bar over the back of the neck.
  • Step back slowly; the bar should not drift forward.
  • Ribs down; don't arch the lower back.
How the model works, and its limits

One 3D skeleton drives both views. Segment lengths and widths are Winter's anthropometric ratios of height; segment masses and centre-of-mass positions follow Dempster's data. For free-standing lifts the whole-body angle is found numerically so the combined centre of mass of lifter and load sits over the middle of the foot. Arms and legs use two-link inverse kinematics with a pole direction. Rep timing follows a minimum-jerk profile.

Balance is quasi-static, so ballistic lifts are shown slowed down. Cable pull and pad support forces are not modelled. The spine is one rigid segment and joints have no range-of-motion limits or muscle forces.